Working with JSON in Polars: The .json Namespace (2026 Guide)
It’s very common to have a column in your data that contains a JSON string. In Pandas, this is slow and difficult to work with….
AI Project: Fine-Tuning a Hugging Face Model (Part 2: The Trainer)
Welcome to Part 2! In Part 1 (The Data), we loaded the “imdb” dataset and prepared it with a tokenizer. Now, we’ll do the exciting…
How to Fix: TypeError: ‘list’ object is not callable
This TypeError list not callable means: “You are trying to use a list as if it were a function.” A “callable” is anything you can…
Polars and Databases: Reading from SQL (The 2026 Guide)
In the real world, data doesn’t just live in CSV files. It lives in SQL databases. If you’re looking for a simple way to use…
AI Project: Fine-Tuning a Hugging Face Model (Part 1: The Data)
You’ve used Hugging Face pipelines to run pre-trained models. If you want to get the most from these models, learning about Hugging Face Fine-Tuning is…
How to Fix: SyntaxError: positional argument follows keyword argument
This SyntaxError positional argument is a simple but strict rule about how you call functions in Python. The Rule: You can pass arguments in two…
Reshaping Data in Polars: The melt() Method (Unpivoting)
Your data is often in a “wide” format, like a spreadsheet, but analysis tools (like plotting libraries) prefer “long” format. One useful function for this…
AI Project: Using Hugging Face Agents (Your Personal AI Assistant)
This is the cutting-edge of AI, far beyond a simple pipeline. An Agent is an LLM (like ChatGPT) that has been given tools and can…
How to Fix: TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: ‘str’ and ‘int’
This TypeError is the cousin of TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +. It means: “You tried to use a math operator (like -, *, /)…
Automation Project: Build a Screen-Reading Bot (PyAutoGUI + OCR)
What if you want to automate an old app that has no API and no way to copy text? You can teach Python to see…
